The following tables of the properties of steam are taken directly from Chapter 5.5.3 of the Heat Exchanger Design Handbook, 1986, by C. F. Beaton.
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The tables in this section are reprinted, with permission, from NBS/NRC Steam Tables.
Online calculator with Saturated Steam Table by Pressure. Includes 53 different calculations. Equations displayed for easy reference. Online calculator to compute the thermodynamic properties of saturated steam Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications! - search is the most efficient way to navigate the Engineering ToolBox! Sub Saturated Water Region. At any pressure, water below its saturation temperature is said to be in a sub saturated state. For example, water at a pressure of 1 atmosphere and a temperature below the saturated temperature of 100°C is sub saturated. Water at a pressure of 10 atmospheres has a saturation temperature of 180°C, and so water. Temp Fahr 460.0 464.0 468.0 472.0 476.0 480.0 484.0 488.0 492.0 496.0 500.0 504.0 508.0 512.0 516.0 520.0 524.0 528.0 532.0 536.0 540.0 544.0. Steam System Modeler Individual Steam Properties Calculator watch tutorial view guide Calculates steam and liquid water properties given two properties using the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997.
| Symbol | Property | Units |
| h | specific enthalpy | kJ/kg |
| P | pressure | bar = 0.1 MPa |
| Pr | Prandtl number (= ηCp/λ) | dimensionless |
| r | specific enthalpy of vaporization | kJ/kg |
| s | specific entropy | kJ/(kg K) |
| ts | temperature at saturation | |
| u | specific internal energy | kJ/kg |
| ν | specific volume | m3/kg |
| ε | static dielectric constant | dimensionless |
| η | viscosity | 10−6 kg/(s m) = MPa s |
| λ | thermal conductivity | mW/(K m) |
| ρ | density | kg/m3 |
| σ | surface tension | kg/s2 = N/m |
| specific entropy of vaporization | kJ/(kg K) |
| g | denotes a saturated vapor state |
| l | denotes a saturated liquid state |
The reference state for all property values is the liquid at the triple point, for which state the specific internal energy and the specific entropy have been set to zero.
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Figure 1. Viscosity.
Figure 2. Thermal conductivity.
Figure 3. Prandtl number.
Table 1. Saturation (temperature)
Table 2. Saturation (pressure)
Table 3. Compressed water and superheated steam
Table 4. Specific heat capacity at constant pressure
Table 5. Viscosity
Table 6. Thermal conductivity
Table 7. Prandtl number
Table 8. Properties for coexisting phases: viscosity, thermal, conductivity, Prandtl number, dielectric constant, surface tension
Table 9. Thermal expansion coefficient β = (1/ν)(∂ν/∂T)p of liquid water as a function of pressure and temperature. (β in 10−3/K.)
Table 10. Thermal diffusivity æ of liquid water as a function of pressure and temperature. (k in 10−6 m2/sec.)
REFERENCES
Haar, L., Gallagher, J. S., and Kell, G. S. (1984) Thermodynamic and Transport Properties and Computer Programs for Vapor and Liquid States of Water in S.I. Units. NBS/NRC, Hemisphere, Washington, D.C.
VDI—Wärmeatlas (1974) 2d edn., Verein Deutsches Ingenieure, Düsseldorf.
References
- Haar, L., Gallagher, J. S., and Kell, G. S. (1984) Thermodynamic and Transport Properties and Computer Programs for Vapor and Liquid States of Water in S.I. Units. NBS/NRC, Hemisphere, Washington, D.C.
- VDI—Wärmeatlas (1974) 2d edn., Verein Deutsches Ingenieure, Düsseldorf. DOI: 10.1002/cite.330470908
Basic Properties of Water Thermal power plants used for the generation of electricity utilize water as the working fluid. Water is known as a 'pure substance' because it always has the same chemical composition irrespective of its phase, be it water, ice, or steam. Because water can exist as different phases at different temperatures, there are differences in volume and other properties. Calculation of the properties at each phase and at various temperatures or pressures is very time consuming.
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Therefore the properties of steam such as the pressure, temperature, specific volume, enthalpy, and entropy are available in a tabular form, and they are known as the thermodynamics steam table. For engineers, the calculations are simplified as the values are picked up from the steam table and do not have to be calculated by complex calculations each time. The steam tables and the graphical charts known as Mollier diagrams are used worldwide by engineering students and professional engineers. What are Steam Tables? The thermodynamics steam tables contain the following tables:. Saturated water and steam temperature tables: In these tables for every temperature the absolute pressure, specific volume for saturated water and saturated steam, specific enthalpy for saturated water and saturated steam and specific entropy for saturated and saturated steam are given.
Saturated water and steam pressure tables: In these tables for every pressure the temperature, specific volume for saturated water and saturated steam, specific enthalpy for saturated water and saturated steam and specific entropy for saturated and saturated steam is given. Specific volume of superheated steam: In this table for every pressure the saturation temperature and the specific volume at various temperatures are given. Enthalpy of superheated steam: In this table for every pressure the saturation temperature and the enthalpy of superheated steam at various temperatures are given.
Entropy of superheated steam: In this table for every pressure the saturation temperature and the entropy of superheated steam at various temperatures are given. Specific volume of superheated steam: In this table at every absolute pressure the specific volume of supercritical steam is given. Enthalpy of supercritical steam: In this table at every absolute pressure the enthalpy of supercritical steam is given. Entropy of supercritical steam: In this table at every absolute pressure the entropy of supercritical steam is given.
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How to Use the Steam Table In steam tables the properties of the dry steam are listed and for the wet steam the properties may be calculated from the steam tables of the dry and saturated steam. For values that are not listed exactly in the tables, the value between two figures can be obtained by linear interpolation. Interpolation is a mathematical tool by which, depending on the interval between two variables, a value in between can be calculated. The steam table shown above is a saturated water and steam table. As all the other tables are used on the same principle we will only discuss this one. For an absolute pressure of 9 bars, the saturation temperature is 175.4 C. It means that at a temperature of 175.4 and above C all of the steam will be saturated.
Of course, any temperature above this will be super heating of the steam. It must be noted however that at 175.4 C, depending on the latent heat supplied for vaporization, the steam can have any dryness faction. V g is the specific volume of steam, h f is the specific enthalpy of water, h g is the specific enthalpy of steam, s f is the specific entropy of water, and s g is the specific entropy of steam.
We will now become familiar with this formula: h = h f + xL where x is dryness fraction and L = h g – h f By the above formula, if we know the dryness fraction of steam, we can calculate the enthalpy of wet steam, and its value would lie between that of the saturated water and saturated steam. For example if the dryness fraction is 0.8 for steam at 9 bars absolute pressure in bars. Referring to the steam table above, h f = 743 kJ/Kg, L = 2031 kJ/Kg, h = 743 + 0.8 x 2031 = 2367.8 kJ/Kg This is a simple sample calculation; for more complex ones, please refer to your book on thermodynamics, but the essence is the same.
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